Azuche hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees is a c 3 grass native to tropical flooded areas in. Hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees, a native of south and central america, is distinct from hymenachne acutigluma steudel gilliland, a native of northern australian flood plains calder 1981 and. As people in one region may refer to it with one name, others in another region. Media in category hymenachne amplexicaulisthis category contains only the following file. Photographs kindly supplied with the assistance of nsw department of primary industries and queensland government natural resources and mines. Leaf blades strongly clasp the stem, prominent lightcoloured hairs at the base.
It has potential as a nutrient sink and sediment trap in situations. West indian marsh grass, hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees poaceae, is one of many species currently invading sensitive wetlands in central and south florida. It is native to the west indies and blooms in the fall wunderlin, 2003. Hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis legal requirements hymenachne is a category 3 restricted invasive plant under the biosecurity act 2014. Persicaria amplexicaulis syn bistorta amplexicaulis, polygonum amplexicaule bistort, mountain fleece persicaria amplexicaulis is a clumpforming, leafy, semievergreen perennial from the himalayas. Hill introduction hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees, is a robust, rhizomatous perennial grass, spreading on moist soil or floating in water.
The record derives from wcsp data supplied on 20120323 which reports it as an accepted name record 419660 with original publication details. Bistorta, mountain fleece bistorta amplexicaulis firetail. To assess whether this insect could be considered as a specialist. Weed management guide hymenachne or olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis hymenachne threatens conservation areas, such as djukbinj national park, nt. Hymenachne is a genus of widespread wetlands plants that is in the grass family. The plant is sometimes harvsted from the wild for local use as a wick. Big flatsfloodplain marsh along the myakka river dominated by west. On seasonally flooded floodplains, it needs over 1 m of water during the wet season to persist. Kumpai padi oryza rupifogon, kumpai minyak hymenachne amplexicaulis, are bolong polygonum barbatum l, bento rayap.
Wilson hymenachne or olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis how itspreads hymenachne reproduces from. Asclepias amplexicaulis simple english wikipedia, the free. It is known in australia as olive hymenachne, or simply as hymenachne, the latter risking confusion with a native species hymenachne acutigluma gilliland 2 wearne et al. Pdf azuche, hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees, forage. Stems floating, creeping, or ascending to 1 m 3 ft or more in height, spar. Large masses of decomposing hymenachne may use all oxygen in water, leading to fish kills. Text is available under the creative commons attributionsharealike license.
West indian marsh grass hymenachne amplexicaulis, also known as. It has oval to heartshaped midgreen leaves and grows to a height and spread of 4. Download a page pdf from identification and biology of nonnative plants in floridas natural areas second edition 1. Hymenachne amplexicaulis is occasionally found growing in wet pastures from the central peninsula to collier county. Wilson hymenachne or olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis. Cyclarhis gujanensis gmelin brazil, e peru and ne bolivia cyclarhis gujanensis flaviventris or septentrionalis. The agriculture victoria website has information about the noxious weed classification of this species. The island has a catholic shrine that attracts devotees from both countries. It is native to the west indies and blooms in the fall wunderlin. Duplachionaspis divergens green a new pest of sugarcane. The website also provides access to a database and images of herbarium specimens found at the university of south florida and other herbaria. Hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees the plant list.
This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. Hymenachne is from the greek hymen meaning membrane and achne meaning chaff, glume, scale and amplexicaulis is from latin, literally embracing the. Hymenachne or olive hymenachne department of agriculture. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under. Hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis may be confused with the closely related native species hymenachne acutigluma. Olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis it has long leaves 100 450mm and the leaf base may be up to 30mm wide and covered with long hairs. Download a page pdf from identification and biology of nonnative plants in. Prevention, eradication, containment or asset protection are ascribed as objectives. It is also known as bluntleaved milkweed and sand milkweed.
Hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees university of florida. Hymenachne amplexicaulis hymenachne spreads by both seeds and vegetation and quickly takes over wetlands. While i noticed some large patches last year, this year its everywhere. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Amplexicaul definition of amplexicaul by the free dictionary. Pdf 4 pages 60 weed species identified by australia.
Hymenachne amplexicaulis hyvamoverview eppo global database. It must not be given away, sold, or released into the environment. Natural enemies of invasive hymenachne amplexicaulis and its native congener in australia and the potential for biological control. Read geographic differentiation of management objectives for invasive species. The upper part of the leaf is narrower and without hairs.
Clasping milkweed asclepias amplexicaulis is a species of milkweed plant. Hymenachne has also been planted as a pasture grass in some patches of. Plants profile for hymenachne amplexicaulis west indian. Pdf a laboratory experiment compared germination of the invasive exotic. Pdf leaf anatomical characterization of hymenachne. Hymenachne amplexicaulis, also known as west indian marsh grass in the us, olive hymenachne in australia, and hereafter referred to as hymenachne, is new world species in the genus hymenachne. Stems floating, creeping, or ascending to 1 m 3 ft or more in height, sparingly branched, rooting at.
Geographic differentiation of management objectives for. Azuche hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees is a c 3 grass native to tropical flooded areas in south and central america with 2n 2x 24. Hymenachne amplexicaulis, a grass native to the west indies, is by far the dominant grass to be seen in the marshes at the park bridge at this time. In conclusion, with or without katchatheevu, there is a lot that can be done to improve the lot of indian fishermen by weaning them away from mechanised fishing in the coastal waters and in palk straits in the context of dwindling catch and unwanted.
This page was last edited on 8 december 2019, at 18. Hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis also blocks waterways, potentially causing flooding and threatening drinking water, and blocks drainage and irrigation channels in cropping areas. Natural enemies of invasive hymenachne amplexicaulis and. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. The leaf blade is heartshaped at its base where it clasps around the stem this is a key characteristic of this species. One insect species of 6 17% on the native grass appears to be host specific at the species level. Hymenachne amplexicaulis is occasionally found growing in wet pastures from. It is regarded as one of the worst weeds in australia because of its invasiveness, potential for spread, and economic and environmental impacts. West indian marsh grass hymenachne amplexicaulis invasive. In rare instances, a publisher has elected to have a zero moving wall, so. In aquatic plants, aerenchyma allows the easy movement of oxygen from the leaves to the roots. Clasping the stem, as the bases of certain leaves do. However, these two species can be distinguished by the following differences. No hostspecific insects were recorded on the invasive species.
The strategy entails geographical differentiation using 21 management zones. Hymenachne or olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis. Spraying an entire heavy infestation can cause hymenachne to sink and result in biological hazards from rotting vegetation. Hymenachne amplexicaulis is a perennial, evergreen grass with robust, decumbent stems 200 350cm long that root and form new growth at the lower nodes. Pp1 efficacy evaluation of plant protection products. Hymenachne or olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis current potential hymenachne or olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis hymenachne spreads by both seeds and vegetation and quickly takes over wetlands. A weed or plant may have more than one common name. Rapid response to the discovery of olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees on rinyirru lakefield national park. Research highlights fourteen insects were recorded on invasive hymenachne amplexicaulis and six on native hymenachne acutigluma in australia. The atlas of florida plants provides a source of information for the distribution of plants within the state and taxonomic information. Hymenachne amplexicaulis in the germplasm resources information network. This armored scale was first recorded in florida and the u. It can be grown for pasture in natural or artificially inundated pondage areas.
Pdf the leaf anatomy of 32 ecotypes of azuche, hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees pasture grass native to mexico was compared to identify valuable. Hymenachne belongs to the family poaceae and was first characterised by rudge in 1805 as panicum amplexicaule hill 1996. Hymenachne amplexicaulis west indian marsh grass this plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below. Because it grows so rapidly, it flourishes in wetlands that receive sediment and nutrientrich water, and it may be a good indicator of such pollution. Hymenachne amplexicaulis in the germplasm resources. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative.
This approach could be useful against other widespread invasive plants. Hymenachne amplexicaulis rudge nees is an accepted name this name is the accepted name of a species in the genus hymenachne family poaceae. Duplachionaspis divergens green a new pest of sugarcane and other grasses in florida hemiptera. This document is eny693, one of a series of the entomology and nematology department, ufifas extension. Hymenachne or olive hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis weed management guide pdf 466 kbabout the guide. It has the potential to cause severe impacts on the sugar cane industry, by reducing the quality of crops and infesting irrigation channels. Hymenachne hymenachne amplexicaulis is a weed of national significance and is regarded as one of the worst weeds in australia because of its invasiveness, potential for spread, economic and environmental impacts. Grows on dry land and floats in water, stems erect or spreading. They are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of asia, the americas, and the pacific islands. Hymenachne amplexicaulis ufifas center for aquatic and. Manipulation of water levels drying, drowning plants.
Hymenachne is from the greek hymen meaning membrane and achne meaning chaff, glume, scale and amplexicaulis is from latin, literally embracing the stem or stem. Field surveys in the native range indicated that i. Leaf anatomical characterization of hymenachne amplexicaulis. Crude protein levels in whole tops varies from 921 rarely to 30% at different times of year, with leaf levels up to 25% and stem 9%. Asclepias amplexicaulis simple english wikipedia, the. The moving wall represents the time period between the last issue available in jstor and the most recently published issue of a journal. Unlike most tropical grasses, hymenachne employs the c3 photosynthetic pathway, which usually results in lower lignin content of the herbage. West indian marsh grass hymenachne amplexicaulis1 rodrigo diaz, william a. West indies, tropical central and south america botanical description. Hymenachne amplexicaulis florida natural areas inventory. This species is found in prairies and open woodlands, usually in sandy soil.
Highlights we propose a strategy to manage hymenachne amplexicaulis in australia. Export a ris file for endnote, procite, reference manager, zotero, mendeley export a text. The asterisk indicates that the average value was obtained by an equation. This page was last edited on 14 september 2017, at 20. Hymenachne is a semiaquatic grass that was introduced as fodder in ponded pastures of central queensland.
Tropical and subtropical regions on dry land or floating in water up to one metre deep kowari editorial committee 1991. It has escaped from cultivation as a ponded pasture grass in recent years and now seriously threatens the wetlands of northern. Hymenachne can withstand prolonged 40 weeks flooding by growing above floodwaters. About eight species of the genus hymenachne are generally distributed in the tropics of both hemispheres.